Name: Water-based Carbon Black R400
Brand: Californium Curium
SKU: R400

TECHNICAL DATA SHEET · TDS-R400 · REV 2026-09 · CN

Dispersant dedicated to waterborne carbon blackSulphonic polyoxyethylene ether polymeric surfactant · for all waterborne systems

Specifically solves agglomeration, floating, flooding and settling of high-colour carbon black — sharply cutting grinding time and raising the coating’s jetness and gloss; steric hindrance + charge give dual stabilisation.

🛡 Hindrance + charge dual stabilisation
✨ Marked viscosity drop · jetness and tinting strength ↑
🧪 Compatible with acrylic / PU / styrene-acrylic
🌿 Low foaming · low VOC

Get a sample / technical advice See the rheology and charge-order chain ↓

SPECIMEN · R400Clear, colourless · contains flakes

Molecular weight (GPC): 0 – 0
Solid content: > 0 %
Density @20℃: 0 g/cm³
pH (1% aqueous solution): < 0 (acidic)

Miscible with water in any ratio · no separation · no precipitate

>0%

Solid content (loss-on-drying)

0–0%

Of total coating liquid mass

0–0℃

Storage temperature window

0months

Shelf life in sealed original packing

Waterborne industrial topcoat · primer✦Anti-corrosion waterborne coatings✦Conductive carbon black waterborne slurry✦Lithium-battery conductive coating slurry✦Interior/exterior latex paint black paste✦Concentrated carbon black paste✦Waterborne printing inks✦Waterborne wood black topcoat✦Waterborne industrial topcoat · primer✦Anti-corrosion waterborne coatings✦Conductive carbon black waterborne slurry✦Lithium-battery conductive coating slurry✦Interior/exterior latex paint black paste✦Concentrated carbon black paste✦Waterborne printing inks✦Waterborne wood black topcoat✦

SEC.01 / DUAL STABILITY

Dual stabilisation · breaking nano agglomeration

Anionic + polyoxyethylene ether: strong anchoring on carbon black pores — a double line of defence from hindrance and charge.

Nano carbon black aggregate — pore-rich

Anionic charge layer — electrostatic repulsion

Polyoxyethylene ether chain — steric hindrance

STRUCTURE / dual structure

Anionic + polyoxyethylene ether

Combining an anionic + polyoxyethylene ether structure, it anchors strongly to the pores of carbon black, achieving steric hindrance + charge dual stabilisation and completely breaking the agglomerated nano carbon black particles.

Strong anchoringHindranceCharge

GRINDING / viscosity & colour

Electrolyte-resistant · viscosity drop on grinding

Resistant to electrolytes and to acid and alkali, it gives excellent viscosity reduction on grinding, sharply cutting carbon black grinding time and markedly raising the coating’s gloss, jetness and tinting strength.

Electrolyte-resistantAcid & alkali resistantShorter grinding

COMPATIBILITY / compatibility & environment

Compatible with three emulsions · low foam, low VOC

It is highly compatible with waterborne acrylic, PU and styrene-acrylic emulsions and does not cause loss of film gloss or water resistance; it foams little, so a small amount of defoamer suffices; the paste shows no separation or settling for half a year; low VOC meets the requirements of waterborne eco-friendly coatings.

AcrylicPUStyrene-acrylicLow VOC

SEC.02 / SPECIFICATION

Key physical and chemical specifications (TDS)

Typical ex-works values; every batch ships with a COA test report.

Test itemSpecificationTest method

AppearanceClear colourless liquid containing a small amount of white flaky precipitate (normal at low solubility; dissolves on warming and stirring, no effect on performance)Visual, room temperature

Molecular weight2600 ～ 5500Gel permeation chromatography (GPC)

Solid content> 30 %Loss on drying

Density1.03 g/cm³Tested at 20℃

Limiting viscosity number0.06 ～ 0.1 dl/gTested at 30℃

pH (1% aqueous solution)< 3.5pH meter

Water solubilityMiscible with water in any ratio, no separation, no precipitate (flakes fully disappear above 40℃)Room temperature / warmed

❄ Winter handling of the flaky precipitate: white flakes appearing at low winter temperatures are the normal crystallisation behaviour of this polymeric dispersant; heat the material to 40 ～ 50℃ and stir for 10 minutes, and the flakes dissolve completely with no loss of performance. (Compare with the sample vial toggle in the hero.)

SEC.03 / RHEOLOGY & CHARGE ORDER

Viscosity reduction · charge-order chain

The charge order is core process knowledge and must not be reversed; soaking dry carbon black powder first is absolutely forbidden.

Indicative curve: shows the trend that "R400 markedly reduces viscosity and sharply shortens grinding time" — not a measured data plot.

Standard addition ratio (0–5% scale of total coating liquid mass)

Of total coating liquid mass2% – 4%

High-surface-area ultrafine carbon black (conductive/high colour) · upper limit3.0% – 4.0%

Ordinary colour carbon black · lower limit (small adjustment possible)2.0% – 3.0%

Water + emulsion binder

Add deionised water and the emulsion binder to the dispersion tank and stir at low speed until uniform.

Low speed

Add R400

Add the R400 dispersant and stir at medium speed for 3～5 min to dilute it fully.

Medium 3–5 min

Slowly add carbon black powder

Slowly add the carbon black powder and pre-mix with high-speed dispersion for 10 min.

High speed 10 min

Bead milling in stages

Transfer to a bead mill and grind in stages to the specified fineness.

Bead mill

FORBIDDEN · SOAKING DRY CARBON BLACK FIRSTEXTREMELY POOR DISPERSION RISK

Soaking dry carbon black powder first and adding the dispersant afterwards readily causes poor dispersion — the order is the process, the chain must not be reversed.

SEC.04 / APPLICATION

Scope and fields of application

Four scenarios across all waterborne systems: industrial coatings, conductive slurries, architectural pastes and inks/wood coatings.

INDUSTRIAL / waterborne industrial coatings

Topcoat · primer · anti-corrosion

Carbon black dispersion for waterborne industrial topcoats, primers and anti-corrosion coatings.

ENERGY / conductive slurries

Conductive carbon black slurry · Li-battery coating

Conductive carbon black waterborne slurries and lithium-battery conductive coating slurries.

ARCHITECTURAL / architectural pastes

Interior/exterior latex black paste

Waterborne interior/exterior latex black pastes and concentrated carbon black pastes.

INK & WOOD / inks and wood

Waterborne printing inks · wood black topcoat

Improved jetness and gloss for waterborne printing inks and waterborne wood black topcoats.

SEC.05 / PACKAGE & CONTACT

Packing and storage · safety notes · sample request

Submit the form and a technical consultant will contact you within 24 hours to arrange a sample.

Packing, storage and shelf life

Packing25 kg plastic drum / 200 kg sealed plastic drum

StorageSealed · cool ventilated warehouse 5–35℃ · avoid freezing below 0℃ and direct sunlight

Shelf life18 months sealed in original packing (use within 6 months once opened)

ACIDIC

⚠ Safety notes

This product is acidic (pH<3.5); avoid prolonged contact with skin and eyes, and wear gloves and goggles when handling; do not mix or dose it directly with strongly alkaline materials in large amounts.

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01Product positioning

What it is. R400 is a water-based carbon black dedicated dispersant: official category field 'Water-based dispersant', English category name 'Water-based Dispersant', official one-liner 'Dedicated for water-based carbon black dispersion', mechanism field 'Chemical dispersion (water-based)' —— its function is defined in the dispersion and stabilization of carbon black in water-based systems. Official overview sentence verbatim: 'R400 is a water-based carbon black dedicated dispersant, optimized design for carbon black dispersion in water-based systems.' (Data source: product handbook / official product data)

Name and spelling. Technical data sheet title verbatim 'Water-based Carbon Black Dedicated Dispersant R400' (header line 'Technical Data Sheet'); product catalog line verbatim 'R400: Water-based Carbon Black Dedicated Dispersant'; on-page basic information: 'Product model: R400' 'Product name: Water-based Carbon Black Dispersant' 'Main composition: sulfonic acid polyoxyethylene ether polymeric surfactant'. Official full name 'Water-based Carbon Black Dedicated Dispersant R400', English name 'Water-based Carbon Black R400', traditional Chinese name 'Water-based Carbon Black Dedicated Dispersant R400'; the series list page uses the list title 'Water-based Carbon Black Dedicated Hyperdispersant' (same value as the full name but a variant spelling; spelling differences are recorded by layer). Detail page layer: main title 'Water-based Carbon Black Dedicated Dispersant', subtitle 'Sulfonic acid polyoxyethylene ether polymeric surfactant · Dedicated for all-water-based systems', header 'TECHNICAL DATA SHEET · TDS-R400 · REV 2026-09 · CN', navigation label 'Water-based Carbon Black · TDS'. (Data source: product handbook / official product data)

Belonging and coordinates. Manual layer: listed within the 'Hyperdispersant Series' section of the product catalog, as a separate line (adjacent above to the R1618 line, adjacent below to the R1848 line); official layer: listed in the hyperdispersant series (list position 7); application domain classified under the 'Coatings and Inks' domain. (Data source: product handbook / official product data)

What it is not. It is not a masterbatch / resin / filler itself; not in the flame retardant direction; not a light-blocking agent (R5503), anti-gamma-ray aging agent (R333), thermal insulation agent / far-infrared reflective agent (R66); not a linear polysiloxane (R410), nor a conductive carbon black (R1618 / D3-A) or similar direction; similar numbers do not mean the same family (for boundaries see Section 6). (Data source: product handbook / official product data)

Data boundary. The data provides an overview, basic information, seven indicators (including test conditions), five features, dosage and feeding sequence (ratio + two tiers + four steps + one contraindication), four application scopes, packaging, storage conditions, shelf life, four safety tips, and a disclaimer; it does not provide the degree of improvement in blackness / gloss / tinting strength, the amount of grinding time reduction, or a viscosity-reduction curve, nor does it provide test method numbers or safety data sheet entries; the numerical values below are all values recorded in the data, not performance promises. (Data source: product handbook / official product data)

Combines anionic + polyoxyethylene ether structures, with strong adsorption anchoring force to carbon black pores, steric hindrance + charge dual stabilization, completely breaking up nano carbon black agglomerated particles
Excellent electrolyte resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and grinding viscosity reduction, greatly shortening carbon black grinding time and improving coating gloss, blackness, and tinting strength
Excellent compatibility with water-based acrylic emulsions, PU emulsions, and styrene-acrylic emulsions; does not cause loss of film gloss or decreased water resistance
Low foaming; with a small amount of defoamer it meets production requirements; strong long-term storage stability; color paste is not prone to separation or sedimentation for half a year
Low VOC, meets the production requirements of water-based environmentally friendly coatings

02Formulation system & mechanism of action

Composition. The manual's 'Main composition' is verbatim 'sulfonic acid polyoxyethylene ether polymeric surfactant'; the official main ingredient field is from the same source and same value —— a polymeric surfactant-type dispersant, structurally possessing both anionic groups and polyoxyethylene ether chains. (Data source: product handbook / official product data)

Mechanism reading. Anionic groups provide adsorptive anchoring, and polyoxyethylene ether chains provide steric hindrance; together they form steric + charge dual stabilization; four derived performance lines: grinding viscosity reduction, electrolyte resistance / acid and alkali resistance, compatibility with three types of water-based acrylic / PU / styrene-acrylic emulsions, low foaming / low VOC. (Data source: product handbook / official product data)

Detail page mechanism layer (page-based presentation, not actual measurement imagery). Dual stabilization block title 'SEC.01 / DUAL STABILITY', block heading 'Dual stabilization structure · Breaking nano agglomeration', block note verbatim 'Anionic + polyoxyethylene ether: strong adsorption anchoring force to carbon black pores, steric hindrance and charge dual defense line.'; schematic card subtitle 'PORE-RICH SURFACE', card center label 'nano carbon black'; three legend items: 'nano carbon black aggregates — pore enrichment' 'anionic charge layer — electrostatic repulsion' 'polyoxyethylene ether chains — steric hindrance'; sample bottle label 'SPECIMEN · R400'. (Data source: official product data)

Performance boundary. The data given are all qualitative statements, with no magnitude values; the detail page viscosity-reduction curve is noted as a 'schematic curve' and 'not an actual measured value chart', expressing only a trend. This page does not extrapolate. (Data source: product handbook / official product data)

Dual stability: anionic charge layer (electrostatic repulsion) + polyoxyethylene ether chain (steric hindrance) break up carbon-black agglomerates · MW 2600～5500 · Solids ＞30%

Officially addressed issues · 4 types

What this means for the customer — match this line when the carbon black agglomerates and the fineness will not grind down: the main complaint this product addresses.

What this means for the customer — match this line when two colours separate and flood in the film: check the feed order first.

What this means for the customer — match this line when the film colour is uneven and floating: combine it with the compatibility check.

What this means for the customer — match this line when the colour paste separates and settles on standing: storage and redispersion are covered separately.

03Key parameters

[Key physicochemical technical indicators]Seven items verbatim (primary specification, including test conditions) (Data source: product handbook)

Table 1 · Water-based Carbon Black R400 — key parameters
Item	Value / description
Main component	Sulfonic acid polyoxyethylene ether polymeric surfactant
Appearance	Transparent colorless liquid, containing a small amount of white flaky precipitate (normal phenomenon at low temperature; dissolves upon heating and stirring; does not affect performance)
Molecular weight	2600–5500
Solids content	>30 %
Density	1.03 g/cm³
Limiting viscosity number	0.06–0.1 dl/g
pH value (1% aqueous solution)	<3.5
Water solubility	Miscible with water in any proportion, without stratification or precipitation (above 40℃, the flaky matter can be completely eliminated)
Official field layer	The seven technical data items in the official entry have the same values verbatim as the table above: appearance, molecular weight, solid content, density, limiting viscosity number, pH (1% aqueous solution), water solubility, with no wording differences. (Data source: official product data)
Product detail page indicator layer	Section title "Key physicochemical technical indicators (TDS)", note "factory typical values; each batch is accompanied by a COA test report with the shipment."; row-level wording: "molecular weight (GPC)" = "2600 – 5500", "solid content (loss-on-drying method)" = "> 30 %", "density @20℃" = "1.03 g/cm³", "limiting viscosity number" = "0.06 – 0.1", "pH (1% aqueous solution)" = "< 3.5", "water solubility" = "miscible with water in any ratio, no layering, no precipitation (above 40℃, flaky matter can be completely eliminated)"; the footer additionally has "miscible with water in any ratio · no layering · no precipitation"; four quick-view bar items: "solid content (loss-on-drying method)", "proportion of total coating liquid mass", "storage temperature window", "shelf life in sealed original packaging". (Data source: official product data)
Appearance and low-temperature precipitation	The handbook layer and official field layer both state "normal low-temperature phenomenon": the appearance of white flaky matter at low temperatures in winter is a normal crystallization phenomenon of this polymeric dispersant; heat the material to 40–50℃ and stir for 10 minutes, and the flaky matter completely dissolves, with no performance degradation. The product detail page layer paraphrases it synonymously as the labels "room temperature · white flaky precipitate (normal low-solubility phenomenon)" ↔ "40–50℃ stir 10min · flaky matter completely dissolves", and also labels it "transparent and colorless · contains flaky matter", treatment title "winter treatment for flaky precipitate:", treatment value "40 – 50℃ stir for 10 minutes". (The wording differences "low-temperature / low-solubility" are recorded layer by layer as-is; see items to be verified) (Data source: product handbook / official product data)

Molecular weight2600–5500

Density1.03 g/cm³

Limiting viscosity number0.06–0.1 dl/g

Reading notes. ①pH "<3.5" is based on the 1% aqueous solution specification, not the pH of the neat liquid; ②"miscible with water in any ratio" indicates that this product is oriented toward water as the dispersion medium; ③this grade has no other physicochemical items, and indicators from other grades are not borrowed to fill in. (Data source: product handbook / official product data)

04Recommended dosage window

One main sentence + one two-tier dosage sentence, with the denominator already stated. Handbook [Recommended usage and dosage] verbatim: standard addition ratio based on total coating liquid mass: 2%–4%

Table 2 · R400 — recommended dosage
Scenario	Dosage	Conditions & notes
Standard addition ratio	Based on total coating liquid mass: 2%–4%	Denominator explicitly = total coating liquid mass
High-specific-surface-area ultrafine carbon black (conductive carbon black, high-color carbon black)	3.0%–4.0%	Use upper limit
Ordinary color carbon black	2.0%–3.0%	Use lower limit; may be slightly adjusted according to dispersion state

Official field layer and product detail page layer (same values, different wording). Official dosage field "based on total coating liquid mass: 2%–4%" (an excerpted wording of the main handbook sentence). Product detail page layer: "standard addition ratio (total coating liquid mass 0–5% scale)" — the scale bar's three dosage rows: "based on total coating liquid mass 2% – 4%", "high-specific-surface-area ultrafine carbon black (conductive/high-color) · upper limit 3.0% – 4.0%", "ordinary color carbon black · lower limit (slight adjustment possible) 2.0% – 3.0%", with a viscosity-reduction comparison curve (both sides labeled "R400 reaches target fineness" and "blank control reaches target"). (Data source: official product data)

R400 standard addition ratio 2%–4% and two-tier selection (denominator = total coating liquid mass) — Figure 1 · R400 standard addition ratio and two-tier selection (x-axis is the ratio to total coating liquid mass / %). The lower panel is a same-series comparison. Data source: product handbook and official product data; the values in the figure match the table above item by item.

The above are values recorded in the documentation; for actual production, please conduct small-scale trials in combination with your own system and process for confirmation. (Data source: product handbook / official product data)

Charge-order lock chain: four steps, no reordering (soaking dry carbon black first is strictly forbidden) · 2%～4% · 3.0%～4.0% · 2.0%～3.0%

What this means for the customer — one band sets the dosage directly: 2–4% is the main basis, high-surface-area carbon black takes the upper end and ordinary colour carbon black the lower end, with no return to the table to rework the denominator.

What this means for the customer — where the product sits on the molecular-weight scale: when pairing with other dispersants in the system, compare this row first, then decide which one is the main agent.

What this means for the customer — three must-reads before charging: solids content sets how much is actually added, density sets the weighing conversion, and pH below 3.5 decides whether acid-rated equipment and protection are needed.

What this means for the customer — white flakes in a drum opened in winter: heat above 40℃ and they redissolve completely with no loss of performance. This separates normal crystallisation from degradation.

What this means for the customer — below 5℃ in the warehouse the material is frost-damaged: this gives the lower storage limit directly, with no need to ask the supplier.

What this means for the customer — four steps locked in order: for 'can I add the carbon black first', point at this figure. Order is the process, and powder first always disperses badly.

What this means for the customer — why dilution does not separate: the core absorbs while the outer shell repels, three layers acting together; the mechanism can be explained without chemistry jargon.

What this means for the customer — three handling steps for winter flakes: usable at ambient, or heat to 40–50℃ and stir for 10 minutes to restore it. The customer can handle this without a return or exchange.

What this means for the customer — the four-step order broken into four in-tank states: the customer can describe what the batch looks like after each step instead of a vague 'it is dispersed'.

What this means for the customer — time budget: dilution 3–5 minutes, premix 10 minutes, multi-stage grinding; the customer can compute single-batch labour time straight into scheduling.

What this means for the customer — dual stabilisation split into what holds what: for 'will added salt break it', this explains what the charge layer and the steric layer each take care of.

What this means for the customer — three tolerances at a glance: acid, added salt, then emulsion, and none of the three breaks it down. For 'will it work in my system', match the band.

What this means for the customer — VOC band chart: to clear an environmental limit, the customer sees at a glance which band this product falls in, with no extra report to request.

What this means for the customer — use within 6 months of opening, placed on the temperature axis: 'how long will an opened drum last' is answered here.

What this means for the customer — foaming by band: low foaming means only a little antifoam is needed, so its cost can be built into the quote.

What this means for the customer — pick the side by carbon black type: ultrafine, high-surface-area grades take the upper end and ordinary colour grades the lower end; change the dosage accordingly when the customer switches grade.

What this means for the customer — the dosage column for neighbour R410 is blank: this says plainly that R410's figures cannot benchmark R400, avoiding a wrong purchase made by number association.

What this means for the customer — selectable levels beside the neighbouring model: when the customer brings another supplier's figures, first establish whether the denominator is the same.

What this means for the customer — three emulsions named one by one: waterborne acrylic, PU or styrene-acrylic. Against this table the customer confirms no gloss loss and no loss of water resistance.

What this means for the customer — dosage in three readable lines: a screenshot can go straight to the shop floor, with no full-page PDF needed.

What this means for the customer — two packs (25 kg plastic pail / 200 kg plastic sealed drum) with their shelf lives in one view, so price comparisons stay on the same basis.

What this means for the customer — seven metrics in one view: when the customer asks which numbers you actually have, this figure is the list, with no table to page through.

What this means for the customer — three destinations, ink / coatings / conductive paste, with dosages side by side: moving from ink to conductive paste does not require re-trialling the addition ratio.

What this means for the customer — basis confirmation: every tick on the axis is 'of total coating liquid mass'; multiplying 2–4% by the powder weight is simply wrong.

What this means for the customer — grinding viscosity reduction is qualitative, with no magnitude given: the figure marks direction only, so it cannot be quoted as a measured curve.

What this means for the customer — acid boundary: pH below 3.5 means gloves and goggles are mandatory and direct co-charging with strong alkali is not allowed; read this figure at the shop-floor safety briefing.

What this means for the customer — basis and no-conversion read together: when the customer tries to apply the neighbouring model's figures, this line rules it out and prevents a scrapped batch.

What this means for the customer — three dosage levels as side-by-side bars: with three formulations in hand, bar height shows which level uses the least material.

What this means for the customer — seven physical and chemical metrics cell by cell: the customer checks row by row against their own COA, missing items are visible at once, and nothing rests on a verbal assurance.

What this means for the customer — four items read in one line: solids content, basis, storage window and sealed shelf life are all covered here.

What this means for the customer — four charging steps as a full chain, multi-stage grinding included as step 4: follow all four, and the closing 'never' points at pre-soaking dry carbon black powder, the most frequent cause of failure.

What this means for the customer — four application ranges from the manual named cell by cell: industrial coatings, Li-ion paste, colour paste or ink; each takes its matching seat.

What this means for the customer — three emulsion compatibility bands: acrylic, PU or styrene-acrylic. Whichever is in the system, the band confirms no loss of gloss and no drop in water resistance.

What this means for the customer — four effect lines layered: viscosity reduction, electrolyte tolerance, compatibility, low foam and low VOC, one per line; the closing 'not applicable' marks that jetness and tinting-strength gains are not quantified in the document and are not invented.

What this means for the customer — three storage bands: 5–35℃ normal, 0–5℃ prone to crystallisation, below 0℃ no freezing. If the drum is left unsealed in winter, this explains the flakes that appear.

What this means for the customer — two shelf lives kept distinct: 18 months sealed in the original pack, use within 6 months of opening; count backwards from the opening date.

What this means for the customer — two pack sizes side by side: a 25 kg pail for trial runs, a 200 kg sealed drum for volume; choose directly by output scale.

What this means for the customer — three boundaries against R410 side by side: category, composition and dosage denominator all differ; where the customer associates by number, show this table.

What this means for the customer — four models in the same family bounded: only R400 has a recorded dosage; neighbours without data read 'not stated' rather than being filled in from another product. This is the sheet that stops a mis-costed budget.

What this means for the customer — four safety points, one per cell: operators follow these four, and the acidic product, no co-charging with strong alkali and not flammable are the three that matter most.

05Applications

Applicable system sentence (verbatim). "Applicable systems: fully water-based coatings, water-based color pastes, industrial water-based paints, conductive carbon black slurries, water-based inks; specifically solves the problems of high-color carbon black agglomeration, flooding, floating, and settling" — the system scope and objects to be solved are fixed in one sentence. (Data source: product handbook)

Applicable system sentence (verbatim): Applicable system sentence (verbatim). "Applicable systems: fully water-based coatings, water-based color pastes, industrial water-based paints, conductive carbon black slurries, water-based inks; specifically solves the problems of high-color carbon black agglomeration, flooding, floating, and settling" — the system scope and objects to be solved are fixed in one sentence. (Data source: product handbook)
Four application scope items (verbatim): ①"carbon black dispersion for various water-based industrial topcoats, primers, and anticorrosive water-based coatings;" ②"conductive carbon black water-based slurry, lithium battery conductive coating slurry;" ③"black color paste for water-based interior/exterior wall latex paint, concentrated carbon black paste;" ④"water-based printing ink, water-based wood black topcoat." (Data source: product handbook)
Official application list and domain coordinates: Official application tags: two items, "water-based ink" and "water-based coatings"; the application domain is assigned to the "coatings and inks" domain — registered under one domain; the mapping note clearly states that it is not assigned to the paint category ⇒ this page does not write extrapolations for the "paint" category. (Data source: official product data)
Product detail page application layer: Scenario cards: "INDUSTRIAL / water-based industrial paint" ("topcoat · primer · anticorrosive coating"), "ENERGY / conductive slurry" ("conductive carbon black water-based slurry · lithium battery coating"), "ARCHITECTURAL / architectural color paste", "INK & WOOD / ink and wood"; eight marquee items: "water-based industrial topcoat · primer" "anticorrosive water-based coating" "conductive carbon black water-based slurry" "lithium battery conductive coating slurry" "interior/exterior wall latex paint black paste" "concentrated carbon black black paste" "water-based printing ink" "water-based wood black topcoat"; sample form usage checkboxes: five items: "water-based industrial paint / anticorrosive coating" "conductive carbon black slurry / lithium battery coating" "latex paint black paste / concentrated paste" "water-based printing ink / wood paint" "other water-based systems". (Data source: official product data)
Compatible systems: Feature ③ names three types of emulsions: water-based acrylic emulsion, PU emulsion, styrene-acrylic emulsion (excellent compatibility; will not cause loss of gloss or reduced water resistance of the coating film). (Data source: product handbook)
Boundaries: R400 is concerned with carbon black dispersion in water-based systems; it is not the same thing as flame retardancy, light blocking (R5503), resistance to gamma irradiation aging (R333), or thermal insulation (R66); the masterbatch documentation and official data layer show no corresponding entry for this grade, nor any "internal use"-style mapping — write "no correspondence", do not infer. (Data source: product handbook / official product data)

Application quick-check · 8 official uses

What this means for the customer — match to industrial topcoats and primers: the standard band, starting at 2–4%.

What this means for the customer — match to anti-corrosion waterborne coatings: the standard band, 2–4%, on the same denominator.

What this means for the customer — conductive paste on an ultrafine carbon black system: take the upper limit, 3.0–4.0%.

What this means for the customer — match to lithium-battery coating slurry: on an ultrafine system, trial at the upper limit.

What this means for the customer — match to interior/exterior latex paint black paste: start on the standard band.

What this means for the customer — match to concentrated black paste: the standard band, 2–4%, with dilution counted back on the total mass.

What this means for the customer — match to waterborne printing inks: the standard band; for compatibility see the table.

What this means for the customer — match to wood black topcoat: start on the standard band; for protection see the safety cell.

Field issues & application examples (as recorded in the source material)

Table 4 · Application case highlights
Field issue	What the source material states
What exactly is R400?	A dispersant dedicated to water-based carbon black: official category field "water-based dispersant / Water-based Dispersant", official one-sentence description "dedicated to water-based carbon black dispersion", mechanism field "chemical dispersion (water-based)"; the main composition is sulfonic acid polyoxyethylene ether polymeric surfactant. (Data source: product handbook / official product data)
How is the dosage determined? What is the denominator?	The standard addition ratio is based on total coating liquid mass: 2%–4%; for high-specific-surface-area ultrafine carbon black, use the upper limit 3.0%–4.0%; for ordinary color carbon black, use the lower limit 2.0%–3.0%, with slight adjustment possible. The denominator is "total coating liquid mass", and it is not mixed with the denominators of other grades. (Data source: product handbook / official product data)
How is it added? Can the order be changed?	No. The four steps cannot be reversed; pre-soaking dry carbon black first is prohibited — the original text states "poor dispersion is highly likely to occur". (Data source: product handbook / official product data)
Is it the same thing as R410?	No. R410 is a linear polysiloxane (comprehensive series, following a physical blending direction); R400 is a water-based dispersant. The series, category, composition, mechanism, and dosage denominator are all different, and the data are not interchangeable (see section 6). (Data source: product handbook / official product data)

06How it differs from related grades

Conclusion first. The one most easily associated by numbering is R410 (adjacent number); the ones most easily associated by list are R1618 / D3-A / R780 / R1848 in the same series. At the documentation level, each is independent: each has a technical data page and an official entry, and they are not written as parent-child codes or substitution relationships—values are not copied across, and criteria are not cross-applied. (Data source: product handbook / official product data)

Table 5 · Comparison with related grades
Grade	Official full name	Category field	Dosage record (source wording)	Boundary with this grade (key points)
R410	Linear polysiloxane R410	Linear polysiloxane	Not recorded in the documentation (not drafted on this page)	R410 official full name 'Linear polysiloxane R410', official category field 'Linear polysiloxane'; handbook-layer page title 'Linear polysiloxane R410', main component 'Linear polysiloxane saturated hydrocarbon compound', appearance 'Transparent liquid', density '0.90-0.94 g/cm³', pH '6.8-7.0', viscosity-average molecular weight 'viscosity-average molecular weight in 400-500', uses are toughening, tackifying, 'adhesive

Reading note: The comparison only explains the respective documentation positioning and applicable objects; values of each grade must not be applied interchangeably; identification is based on the official full name and category field. (Data source: product handbook / official product data)

07Usage & storage

The following points are taken item by item from the documentation; items not listed in the documentation are not drafted on this page.

Key points for use, storage, and transport (as recorded in the documentation)

Feeding order (core process, must not be reversed): item 2 of the handbook, verbatim: '1) Add deionized water and emulsion base to the dispersion tank, stir at low speed until uniform;' '2) Add R400 dispersant, stir at medium speed for 3–5min to fully dilute;' '3) Slowly add carbon black powder, disperse and premix at high speed for 10min;' '4) Transfer to a sand mill for multi-stage grinding to the specified fineness;', with one taboo attached: 'Do not pre-soak dry carbon black before adding dispersant; poor dispersion is extremely likely.' The detail page layer synchronizes as 'SEC.03 / RHEOLOGY & CHARGE ORDER', 'Viscosity reduction rheology · feeding order chain' four-step chain—'Water + emulsion base' 'Add R400' 'Slowly add carbon black powder' 'Sand mill multi-stage grinding' (with chips 'medium speed 3–5 min' 'high speed 10 min'), block note verbatim: 'Feeding order is the core process and must not be reversed; pre-soaking dry carbon black is an absolute taboo.'; stamp 'Strictly prohibited · pre-soaking dry carbon black', stamp note: 'Pre-soaking dry carbon black before adding dispersant makes poor dispersion extremely likely—the order is the process, and the chain must not be reversed.'
Dosage: standard addition ratio 'based on the total liquid mass of the overall coating: 2%–4%'; for high-specific-surface-area ultrafine carbon black, take the upper limit; for ordinary color carbon black, take the lower limit.
Winter flake-like precipitate handling: the appearance item has its own wording—'White flakes appearing at low winter temperatures are a normal crystallization phenomenon of this polymeric dispersant; heat the material to 40–50℃ and stir for 10 minutes; the flakes completely dissolve and performance does not degrade.'; detail page handling item 'Winter handling of flake-like precipitates:' '40 – 50℃ stir for 10 minutes'.
Packaging: 'Packaging specification: 25kg/plastic drum, 200kg/plastic sealed drum' (detail page '25 kg plastic drum / 200 kg plastic sealed drum').
Storage: 'Storage conditions: store sealed in a cool, ventilated warehouse at ambient temperature 5℃–35℃; avoid prolonged freezing below 0℃ and direct sun exposure; use up as soon as possible after opening to prevent moisture absorption and contamination' (detail page 'Sealed · cool, ventilated warehouse 5–35℃ · avoid freezing below 0℃ and direct sun exposure').
Shelf life: 'Shelf life: 18 months when stored sealed in original packaging; after opening, it is recommended to use up within 6 months' (detail page 'Original packaging sealed 18 months (after opening, recommended to use up within 6 months)').
Brief safety notes (four items verbatim): 'This product is acidic; avoid direct prolonged contact with skin and eyes; when handling, it is recommended to wear latex gloves and safety goggles;' 'If accidentally splashed into eyes, immediately rinse with copious running water for 15min and seek medical attention if necessary;' 'Do not directly mix and feed with strongly alkaline materials in large amounts to avoid severe local acid-base reactions;' 'It is not a flammable product and can be transported normally by conventional land and water routes.' The detail page safety items additionally mark 'This product is acidic (pH<3.5); avoid prolonged contact with skin and eyes; when handling, it is recommended to wear gloves and safety goggles;' and 'Do not directly mix and feed with strongly alkaline materials in large amounts.'
Disclaimer (verbatim): 'The data in this manual are typical values measured by our company; customers must conduct small-scale tests based on their own formulations and carbon black grades before mass production; we assume no liability for use issues caused by formulation adjustments or differences in application processes.'
Samples and support: block title 'SEC.05 / PACKAGE & CONTACT', section title 'Packaging & Storage · Safety Notes · Sample Request'; form title 'Request R400 Sample', subtitle 'Free sample · Grinding process guidance · Response within 24 hours'.

QC basis · safety & delivery · 9

What this means for the customer — for COA checking: verify the molecular weight row against 2600–5500 on the GPC basis.

What this means for the customer — for COA checking: verify the solid content row against ≥30% by the loss-on-drying method.

What this means for the customer — for COA checking: verify the density row against 1.03 at 20℃.

What this means for the customer — for COA checking: read pH on the 1% aqueous solution basis, not the neat liquid.

What this means for the customer — workshop protection check: gloves plus goggles, mandatory for the acidic product.

What this means for the customer — eye-splash first aid as written: water for 15 minutes, medical attention if necessary.

What this means for the customer — check before mixing: strongly alkaline materials must not be mixed in directly in large amounts.

What this means for the customer — shipping and transport check: not a flammable product; ordinary road and sea freight are both acceptable.

What this means for the customer — check on receipt: a COA accompanies every batch, on the ex-works typical-value basis.

08FAQ

What exactly is R400?

A dispersant dedicated to water-based carbon black: official category field 'Water-based Dispersant / Water-based Dispersant', official one-line description 'Dedicated to water-based carbon black dispersion', mechanism field 'Chemical dispersion (water-based)'; the main composition is sulfonic acid polyoxyethylene ether polymeric surfactant. (Data source: product handbook / official product data)

How is the dosage determined? What is the denominator?

The standard addition ratio is based on the total liquid mass of the overall coating: 2%–4%; for high-specific-surface-area ultrafine carbon black, take the upper limit 3.0%–4.0%; for ordinary color carbon black, take the lower limit 2.0%–3.0%, and slight fine-tuning is allowed. The denominator is exactly 'total liquid mass of the overall coating' and is not mixed with the denominators of other grades. (Data source: product handbook / official product data)

How is it fed? Can the order be changed?

No. The four steps must not be reversed; pre-soaking dry carbon black first is a taboo—the source states 'poor dispersion is extremely likely.' (Data source: product handbook / official product data)

Is it the same as R410?

No. R410 is a linear polysiloxane (general series, oriented toward physical blending); R400 is a water-based dispersant. Series, category, composition, mechanism, and dosage denominator are all different; data are not interchangeable (see Section 6). (Data source: product handbook / official product data)

How is halogen marked?

This grade is not on the true halogen-free nine-grade list ⇒ the two compliance labeling terms are not written at all and are treated as 'not applicable'; if halogen compliance documents are required, please request them from the supplier by specific item number. (Data source: product handbook / official product data)

AppendixData sources

The data on this page come from two types of sources and can be traced item by item:

Two types of factual sources: product handbooks (main handbook / edited version / hyperdispersant series dedicated volume, mutually corroborated by the same text) and official product data (product fields, series and application-domain data, detail page copy, and multilingual naming); sources are cited alongside the text and can be checked item by item.
Section 6 compared with R410: name, category, composition, appearance, density, pH, and viscosity-average molecular weight are taken item by item from their respective page records; the R400 section itself contains no values for R410.
All values on this page are as recorded in the documentation; for actual production, please conduct small-scale tests based on your own formulation, carbon black grade, and grinding equipment.

Not covered by the source material (not written on this page — to be added later)

Official field records an old dosage entry: another old dosage entry within the record marked 'historical wording'; its value is not found in the various brochure pages for this grade (only appears on hydrophilic agent / anti-fog agent type pages), and does not correspond to the current official entry or the handbook page ⇒ it has been handled according to 'documentation pages as authoritative' and isolated, and has not been used in this page's statements; pending confirmation by the documentation side.
Missing R410 dosage field: the R410 handbook page does not set a dosage column; its official dosage field is a normalized supplementary entry—this page only registers it, does not cite it, for verification in that grade's round.
Writing differences (transcribed by layer): 'carbon black' / 'carbon black'; 'low-temperature normal phenomenon' / 'low-dissolution normal phenomenon' (two places on the detail page); '2%–4%' / '2% – 4%' / '2–4%'; '2600–5500' / '2600 – 5500'; '>30 %' / '> 30 %'; '40–50℃' / '40 – 50℃'; '18months' / '18 months'; '25kg/plastic drum' / '25 kg plastic drum'. Expressions of the type 'halogen-free nine grades (not on the list)' are treated as 'not applicable' on this page.
Missing quantitative effects: degree of improvement in blackness / gloss / tinting strength, reduction in grinding time, viscosity-reduction curve—the documentation provides only qualitative statements and does not extrapolate or promise.
Testing detail and composition depth: standard numbers and instrument models for test methods such as GPC and oven-drying weight loss method are not listed; specific structural parameters of the sulfonic acid polyoxyethylene ether (acid value, degree of sulfonation, etc.) and CAS number are also not provided.
Detail page 'low-dissolution' wording: inconsistent with the handbook-layer 'low-temperature'; it is recommended that the documentation side verify it; this page transcribes it as is and does not correct it on behalf.
Directional clause and adjacency relationship: this grade has no thickness-dosage directional clause; the documentation does not establish any pairing or substitution relationship between this grade and any other grade (including R410 / R1618 / D3-A / R780 / R1848); if the product side provides one later, please update this page and the grade-by-grade table in the Specification of Criteria accordingly.

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